Background: The extracranial venous outflow routes in clinically defined multiple sclerosis
(CDMS) have not previously been investigated. Methods: Sixty-five patients affected by …

Objective: It is still unclear whether chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is
associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), because substantial methodological differences …

Background: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) was recently described in
patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). A subject is considered CCSVI positive if≥ 2 venous …

Background Recent studies using colour-coded Doppler sonography showed that chronic
impaired venous drainage from the central nervous system is almost exclusively found in …

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory demyelinating disease of the
central nervous system, believed to be triggered by an autoimmune reaction to myelin …

Objective An impaired cerebrospinal venous drainage, defined as chronic cerebrospinal
venous insufficiency (CCSVI), has been recently hypothesized to be the possible cause of …

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by demyelination centered around
cerebral veins. Recent studies suggested this topographic pattern may be caused by venous …

The prevailing view on multiple sclerosis etiopathogenesis has been challenged by the
suggested new entity chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency. To test this hypothesis, we …

Aim. The aim of this open-label study was to assess extracra-nial Doppler criteria of chronic
cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis patients. Methods. Seventy patients …

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a vascular picture that shows a
strong association with multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to investigate the …