Air pollution is now becoming an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and
mortality. Numerous epidemiological, biomedical and clinical studies indicate that ambient …

Abstract Purpose of Review Air pollution is established as an independent risk factor for
cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Ambient particulate matter (PM), a principal component of …

In 2004, the first American Heart Association scientific statement on “Air Pollution and
Cardiovascular Disease” concluded that exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution …

Clinical and epidemiological studies demonstrate that short-and long-term exposure to air
pollution increases mortality due to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Given the …

Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular
morbidity and mortality. The focus of this review will be on the role that both acute and …

It is well known that exposure to particulate air pollutants is associated with the development
of adverse health effects. In particular, there is growing evidence of a close relationship …

An association between high levels of air pollutants and human disease has been known for
more than half a century. Air pollution is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of …

Air pollution is consistently linked with elevations in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD-
related mortality. Particulate matter (PM) is a critical factor in air pollution-associated CVD …

Air pollution affects 90% of the world's population and has caused 9 million deaths in 2015,
becoming the most important cause of premature deaths in the world. Exposure to fine …

Air pollution has been associated with significant adverse health effects leading to increased
overall morbidity and mortality of worldwide significance. Epidemiological studies have …