In the biofilm form, bacteria are more resistant to various antimicrobial treatments. Bacteria in
a biofilm can also survive harsh conditions and withstand the host's immune system …

Biofilm formation significantly contributes to microbial survival in hostile environments and it
is currently considered a key virulence factor for pathogens responsible for serious chronic …

Highlights•Currently used antibiotics were developed to target planktonic bacteria.•Recent
discoveries on biofilm properties led to promising anti-biofilm strategies.•Biofilm inhibition …

Pathogenic microorganisms and their chronic pathogenicity are significant concerns in
biomedical research. Biofilm-linked persistent infections are not easy to treat due to resident …

Biofilm formation on surfaces via microbial colonization causes infections and has become a
major health issue globally. The biofilm lifestyle provides resistance to environmental …

A biofilm is a community of stable microorganisms encapsulated in an extracellular matrix
produced by themselves. Many types of microorganisms that are found on living hosts or in …

Most free-living bacteria can attach to surfaces and aggregate to grow into multicellular
communities encased in extracellular polymeric substances called biofilms. Biofilms are …

Biofilms are complex microbial architectures that attach to surfaces and encase
microorganisms in a matrix composed of self-produced hydrated extracellular polymeric …

Microbial biofilms are the cause of persistent infections associated with various medical
implants and distinct body sites such as the urinary tract, lungs, and wounds. Compared with …

Bacteria that cause infectious diseases adopt biofilms as one of their most prevalent
lifestyles. Biofilms enable bacteria to tolerate environmental stress and evade antibacterial …