Biomass fuel smoke, secondhand smoke, and oxides of nitrogen are common causes of
household air pollution (HAP). Almost 2.4 billion people worldwide use solid fuels for …

Inefficient cooking and heating with solid fuels in poorly ventilated homes are a major source
of exposure to indoor air pollution in developing countries. Household air pollution from …

Approximately three billion individuals are exposed to household air pollution (HAP) from
the burning of biomass fuels worldwide. Household air pollution is responsible for 2.9 million …

Household air pollution (HAP) from biomass fuels, coal, and kerosene burned in open fires,
primitive stoves, and lamps causes at least 2 million deaths per year. Many of these deaths …

Exposure to household air pollution (HAP) from solid fuel combustion affects almost half of
the world population. Adverse respiratory outcomes such as respiratory infections, impaired …

Background: Household air pollution due to biomass combustion for residential heating
adversely affects vulnerable populations. Randomized controlled trials to improve indoor air …

Mounting evidence suggests that air pollution contributes to the large global burden of
respiratory and allergic diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …

Abstract Background: 2.8 billion people use solid fuels as their primary cooking fuel; the
resulting high levels of household air pollution (HAP) were estimated to cause more than 4 …

Globally, about 50% of all households and 90% of rural households use solid fuels (coal
and biomass) as the main domestic source of energy, thus exposing approximately 50% of …

Approximately 3 billion people around the world cook and heat their homes using solid fuels
in open fires and rudimentary stoves, resulting in household air pollution. Household air …