Spatial and chromatic properties of 25 types of medulla neurones which integrate input from
different optical units (stemmata) of the larval eye in the swallowtail butterfly were examined …

The six different types of photoreceptor in the retina of the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans
have been studied by light and electron microscopy. Fresh whole‐mount retina, in which the …

Caterpillars of the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus L. like most lepidopterans have six
larval ocelli (stemmata) on each side of the head (Fig. 1). Five of these (II–VI) are arranged …

Most butterfly families expand the number of spectrally distinct photoreceptors in their
compound eye by opsin gene duplications together with lateral filter pigments; however …

This paper describes a combination of electrophysiological and anatomical techniques
useful for characterizing sensory neurons in insects in our studies on the extraocular …

Eyes evolved many times, their photoreceptors having arisen independently at least 40
times according to one estimate (Salvini-Plawen and Mayr, 1977). In each case the structure …

Musca and related flies have three main photoreceptor subsystems. The R1–6 group has
short axons that terminate in the cartridges of the first optic neuropile, the lamina. The …

Polarization sensitivity in arthropod photoreceptors is crucially dependent on the
arrangement of the microvilli within the rhabdom. Here, we present an electron …

Using light‐and electron microscopic methods, we describe two novel putative extraocular
photoreceptor organs in the optic lobes of the cockroaches Leucophaea maderae and …

Jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes (ocelli) of which only the principal eyes (PEs) are
used to detect features of objects. Photoreceptors in the retina of the PEs form four layers …