The spectral sensitivity (wavelength region 330 to 650 nm) of single photoreceptor cells in
the compound eye of the butterfly Heliconius numata (Lepidoptera) was studied by …

Extraocular photoreceptors (EOP) have been found in various phyla of animals (for reviews
[1, 2]). The EOP systems are divided into two categories. One is found within the central …

Crustaceans are among the most extensively distributed arthropods, occupying many
ecologies and manifesting a great variety of compound eye optics; but in comparison with …

Anatomical methods have identified conserved neuronal morphologies and synaptic
relationships among small‐field retinotopic neurons in insect optic lobes. These conserved …

In the tiger salamander retina, visual signals are transmitted to the inner retina via six
morphologically distinct types of photoreceptors: large/small rods, large/small single cones …

The eyes of butterflies are remarkable, because they are nearly as diverse as the colors of
wings. Much of eye diversity can be traced to alterations in the number, spectral properties …

Color coding and directional selectivity (DS) of retinal neurons were studied in the
Pseudemys turtle by using similar intracellular recording and staining techniques as in the …

A pattern of two equally bright colours contains only chromatic contrast. Unlike in flies, such
a pattern elicits strong optokinetic responses in the butterfly Papilio xuthus. To investigate …

The optic nerve of adult chameleons was investigated with an electron microscope. The total
number of retinal ganglion cell axons, the proportion of myelinated axons, the frequency …

Amacrine cells in the external plexiform layer of the fly's lamina have been intracellulary
recorded and dye-filled for the first time. The recordings demonstrate that like the lamina's …