A recent decline in the discovery of novel medications challenges the widespread use of 2D
monolayer cell assays in the drug discovery process. As a result, the need for more …

Although used in academic research for several decades, 3D culture models have long
been regarded expensive, cumbersome and unnecessary in drug development processes …

High attrition of new oncology drug candidates in clinical trials is partially caused by the poor
predictive capacity of artificial monolayer cell culture assays early in drug discovery …

Evaluation of drug cytotoxicity traditionally relies on use of cell monolayers, which are easily
miniaturized to the 1536-well plate format. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models have …

Most cancer biologists still rely on conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture
techniques to test in vitro anti-tumor drugs prior to in vivo testing. However, the vast majority …

There is an increasing interest in using three-dimensional (3D) spheroids for modeling
cancer and tissue biology to accelerate translation research. Development of higher …

Highlights•Characteristics of the tumor microenvironment that have to be considered for the
development of 3D cell spheroid model systems for translational cancer research.•Methods …

Purpose: To give a state-of-the-art overview on the promise of three-dimensional (3-D)
culture systems for anticancer drug development, with particular emphasis on multicellular …

In comparison with 2D cell culture models, 3D spheroids are able to accurately mimic some
features of solid tumors, such as their spatial architecture, physiological responses …

Introduction: For the past 30 years 2D-cell-based assay models have dominated preclinical
cancer drug discovery efforts. 2D-cell-based models fail to predict in vivo efficacy …