Although immune checkpoint inhibition has been shown to effectively activate antitumor
immunity in various tumor types, only a small subset of patients can benefit from PD-1/PD-L1 …

Background Immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors, especially PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors,
has now evolved into the most promising therapy for cancer patients. However, most of …

Background Aside from immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death
protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), intervention of CD47/Sirpα …

Abstract The PD-1/PD-L1 complex belongs to the group of inhibitory immune checkpoints
and plays a critical role in immune regulation. The PD-1/PD-L1 axis is also responsible for …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed death
1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), have achieved enormous success in the …

The interaction of PD-1/PD-L1 allows tumor cells to escape from immune surveillance.
Clinical success of the antibody drugs has proven that blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is a …

Immune checkpoint blockade has displayed substantial anti-tumor resistance in a variety of
forms of cancer, but the fundamental regulation role remains unclear, and several questions …

Immunotherapy has become a promising alternative therapeutic approach for cancer
patients. Interruption of immune checkpoints, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, has been verified to …

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 are critical for the regulation of
T cell exhaustion and activity suppression. Tumor cells expressing immune checkpoints …

Blockade of the immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 with monoclonal antibodies demonstrated
unprecedented clinical efficacies in many cancers. But the orally available low molecular …