Objective. To explore the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and
voluntary muscle contraction (VMC) to improve corticospinal transmission, muscle function …

Background. Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability, but treatment options remain
limited, leaving most patients with incomplete recovery. Patient and animal studies have …

Background Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the
contralesional motor cortex (M1) has demonstrated beneficial effects on motor recovery, but …

Purpose: Upper limb function is the best predictor of long-term disability after stroke. Despite
extensive rehabilitation, recovery of upper limb motor function is frequently incomplete after …

Numerous studies have recently been published on improving upper-limb motor function
after stroke. There has been a particular interest in brain stimulation techniques, which could …

Background and Purpose—Residual motor deficits frequently linger after stroke. Search for
newer effective strategies to promote functional recovery is ongoing. Brain stimulation, as a …

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation are
noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques that can alter excitability of the human …

Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques can be used to monitor and modulate the
excitability of intracortical neuronal circuits. Long periods of cortical stimulation can produce …

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising intervention
to promote upper limb recovery after stroke. We aimed to identify differences in the efficacy …

Objectives: Either motor training or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could
modulate the neural plasticity after stroke. Therefore, synchronizing the two interventions …