Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an intractable disease with poor prognosis, and
therapeutic options are limited. While the pathogenic mechanism is unknown, cytokines …

Fibrosis of the lung constitutes a major clinical challenge and novel therapies are required to
alleviate the associated morbidity and mortality. Investigating the antifibrotic efficacy of drugs …

Abstract Background Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibition is associated with
antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effects that may be beneficial in patients with idiopathic …

Patients with interstitial lung disease can develop a progressive fibrosing phenotype
characterised by an irreversible, progressive decline in lung function despite treatment …

Background Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a group of devastating and largely irreversible
diseases. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 is involved in the processes of remodeling and …

The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory abilities of oral selective phosphodiesterase
4 (PDE4) inhibitors enabled the approval of roflumilast and apremilast for use in chronic …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and devastating lung disease
lacking effective therapy. To identify whether phosphodiesterase-1 (PDE1) inhibition could …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains an intractably fatal disorder, despite the recent
advent of anti-fibrotic medication. Successful treatment of IPF, like many chronic diseases …

Introduction The two available therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), pirfenidone
and nintedanib, slow down but do not halt IPF progression. Therefore, several agents with …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD)
without an identifiable cause. If not treated after diagnosis, the average life expectancy is 3 …