Marine seismic surveys, which use loud, primarily low-frequency sound to penetrate the sea
floor, are known to disturb and could harm marine life. The use of these surveys for …

Marine seismic exploration has potentially detrimental effects upon marine life and marine
mammals in particular. Potential effects range from disturbance that may lead to …

Pages 29-40, In, K. Lee, H. Bain, and GV Hurley, Eds. 2005. Acoustic Monitoring and Marine
Mammal Surveys in The Gully and Outer Scotian Shelf before and during Active Seismic …

Abstract The UK's Joint Nature Conservation Committee 1998 guidelines for minimising
acoustic impacts from seismic surveys on marine mammals were the first of their kind …

Loud anthropogenic underwater noise, such as that associated with sonar operations, pile
driving, or seismic surveys, can cause behavioral and physiological disturbance to many …

The United Kingdom's statutory conservation agency, the Joint Nature Conservation
Committee (JNCC), developed guidelines in 1995 to minimise acoustic disturbance of …

This review highlights significant gaps in our knowledge of the effects of seismic air gun
noise on marine mammals. Although the characteristics of the seismic signal at different …

Marine seismic surveys use intense (eg≥ 230 decibel [dB] root mean square [RMS]) sound
impulses to explore the ocean bottom for hydrocarbon deposits, conduct geophysical …

During the last decade significant research has been performed on the possible impact of
seismic surveys on marine life. Both fish and marine mammals have been studied. None of …

The primary environmental concern from marine seismic surveys is the effect of the low
frequency noise source on marine animals. A full spectrum of possible direct effects …