The acid-base balance or neutrality regulation maintains a pH around 7.4 in the extracellular
fluid by excreting carbon dioxide in the lungs and noncarbonic acid or base in the kidneys …

Diagnosis of acid-base disturbances can be challenging and requires careful clinical
evaluation. The initial approach to acid-base disorders requires arterial blood gas analysis …

The ability to diagnose and manage acid-base disorders rapidly and effectively is essential
to the care of critically ill patients. This article presents an approach to the diagnosis of pure …

Maintenance of acid-base balance is fundamental for the normal function of biological
processes, mainly due the pH dependence of enzyme function. This chapter reviews …

Acid–base disturbances are common occurrence in acute care setting, their rapid
assessment and analysis are important, and pH of 6.8–7.8 is compatible with life. The …

The final diagnosis of acid-base perturbations relies on laboratory analyses. The major
direct tools of assessment are arterial pH and PCO2 and serum electrolytes. From these …

Deviations of systemic acidity in either direction can have adverse consequences and, when
severe, can be life threatening to the patient. Therefore, it is essential for the clinician to …

The plasma anion gap is a frequently used parameter in the clinical diagnosis of a variety of
conditions. The commonest application of the anion gap is to classify cases of metabolic …

The goal of this book is to provide a bridge between the acid-base physiology taught in the
classroom and the evaluation of the patient on the wards. This book will enable the reader to …

A step-wise systematic approach can be used to determine the etiology and proper
management of acid-base disorders. The objectives of this article are to:(1) discuss the …