An acidosis is any process that tends (in the absence of buffering or compensation) to cause
the accumulation of hydrogen ions (H+). If the pH of the blood is lower than normal (< 7.35) …

An understanding of acid‐base physiology is necessary for clinicians to recognize and
correct problems that may negatively affect provision of nutrition support and drug therapy …

Acidosis is characterized by a decrease in plasma pH. The first chapter will focus on the
pathophysiological principles responsible for the development of an acidosis. Clinical signs …

The ability to diagnose and treat acid‐base disorders is an important component in the
practice of the nutrition support clinician. A complete understanding of the basic principles of …

Acid–base disorders are common in pediatric patients. We present a simple methodology for
assessing both simple and complex acid–base disorders that is applicable to patients of all …

Mixed acid-base disturbances, defined as the simultaneous presence of two or more acid-
base disorders, are commonly observed in hospitalized patients, especially those in critical …

Respiratory alkalosis is the acid–base disturbance characterized by a primary decrease in
the carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) of the body fluids, ie, by primary hypocapnia. The …

Renal excretion of acid is achieved by combining hydrogen ions with either urinary buffers to
form titratable acid, such as phosphate (HPO4+ H+→ H2PO4), urate, and creatinine, or with …