Adaptive phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to cope with environmental variability, and
yet, despite its adaptive significance, phenotypic plasticity is neither ubiquitous nor infinite. In …

Phenotypically plastic genotypes express different phenotypes in different environments,
often in adaptive ways. The evolution of phenotypic plasticity creates developmental …

In the past decade, there has been a resurgent interest in whether and how phenotypic
plasticity might impact evolutionary processes. Of fundamental importance is how the …

A recurrent theme in evolutionary biology is to contrast natural selection and developmental
constraint–two forces pitted against each other as competing explanations for organismal …

Explaining the origins of novel traits is central to evolutionary biology. Longstanding theory
suggests that developmental plasticity, the ability of an individual to modify its development …

The generation of variation is paramount for the action of natural selection. Although
biologists are now moving beyond the idea that random mutation provides the sole source of …

Phenotypic plasticity is ubiquitous and generally regarded as a key mechanism for enabling
organisms to survive in the face of environmental change. Because no organism is infinitely …

Divergent natural selection, adaptive divergence and gene flow may interact in a number of
ways. Recent studies have focused on the balance between selection and gene flow in …

Adaptive phenotypic plasticity, the ability of a genotype to develop a phenotype appropriate
to the local environment, allows organisms to cope with environmental variation and has …

We argue that phenotypic plasticity should be broadly construed to encompass a diversity of
phenomena spanning several hierarchical levels of organization. Despite seemingly …