More than any other cytokine family, the 11 members of the IL-1 family are associated with
innate immune responses, which occur in acute inflammation and chronic inflammatory …

Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 belong to the T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine family, along with IL-3, IL-
5, and IL-9. These cytokines are key mediators of allergic inflammation. They have important …

A better understanding of cytokine biology over the last two decades has allowed the
successful development of cytokine inhibitors against tumour necrosis factor and interleukin …

Chapter summary IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine with a wide range of biological activities in
immune regulation, hematopoiesis, inflammation, and oncogenesis. Its activities are shared …

Abstract The interleukin (IL)-1 family of cytokines comprises 11 members, including 7 pro-
inflammatory agonists (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ) and 4 defined or …

The IL-12 family members, IL-12, IL-23, IL-27 and IL-35, are heterodimeric cytokines that
share subunits and have important roles in autoimmunity. As well as their structural …

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-6 is produced at the site of inflammation and plays a key role in the
acute phase response as defined by a variety of clinical and biological features such as the …

RA is a chronic, debilitating disease in which articular inflammation and joint destruction are
accompanied by systemic manifestations including anaemia, fatigue and osteoporosis. IL-6 …

Cytokines are immune mediators that play an important role in the pathogenesis of
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease that targets the synovial joints. The …

Recent data from several groups demonstrate high levels of IL-7 in the joints of RA patients,
but much lower levels in OA. In contrast, circulating levels of IL-7 in RA remain a point of …