Whiplash associated disorders are among the most common injuries reported for automotive
rear end impacts. Although these injuries are typically considered minor, their high …

Several mathematical cervical models of the 50th percentile male have been developed and
used for impact biomechanics research. However, for the 50th percentile female no similar …

The human neck is vulnerable. In car accidents, inertia farces of the head can load or deform
the tissues of the neck beyond tolerabie limits, resulting in injury. Most neck injuries are …

Two mathematical head-neck models have been developed using MADYMO: a global
model and a detailed one. The global model comprises rigid head and vertebrae connected …

A study was carried out using detailed traffic accident data from rear-end car collisions
involving Volvo cars. Vehicle and occupant related parameters influencing the risk of neck …

This paper presents a biomechanical evaluation of whiplash injury potential during the initial
extension motion of the head in a rear-end collision. A four-segment dynamic model is …

Experimental studies using human volunteers are limited to low acceleration impacts while
whole cadavers, isolated cervical spine specimens, and impact dummies do not normally …

Numerical human body models that can predict occupant head and neck responses are
essential for the development and ass Page 1 Abstract Numerical human body models that can …

The three-dimensional head-neck model of Deng and Goldsmith (J. Biomech., 1987) was
adapted and implemented in the integrated multibody/finite element code MADYMO. The …

Neck injuries resulting from rear-end collisions rank among the top car safety problems and
have serious implications for society. Many rear impact sled experiments with volunteers …