Background: in response to a variety of stimuli, phagocytes release large quantities of
reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are essential for bacterial killing. However, excessive …

Monocytes are precursors of tissue macrophages, which are major targets of human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Although few blood monocytes are infected …

It is generally acknowledged that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play crucial roles in a
variety of natural processes in cells. If increased to levels which cannot be neutralized by the …

This review describes the potential role of oxidative stress as a cofactor of disease
progression from asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to the …

Oxidative stress is a condition characterized by the imbalance between the production of
reactive species (RS) or free radicals and their neutralization by the antioxidant defenses …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a family of oxygen molecules with an unpaired electron
and play an important role in homeostasis and pathogenesis. The reactive molecules modify …

HIV infection increases the oxidative stress process, and antiretroviral combination therapy
increases protein oxidation and preexistent oxidative stress. The latter induces production of …

HIV infection affects various parts of the immune system, including the CD4+ lymphocytes
and mononuclear phagocytes, and causes a progressive immunodeficiency. This renders …

Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) causes chronic ongoing
inflammation in HIV-1 seropositive individuals as shown by high plasma levels of …

Infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes persistent chronic inflammation.
Viral Tat protein plays a role in the intracellular increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) …