The neurobiological processes by which ethanol seeking and consumption are established
and maintained are thought to involve areas of the brain that mediate motivated behavior …

Alcoholism is a chronic recurring brain disorder causing the afflicted a multitude of social
and health problems and enormous costs to society. The psychosocial and pharmacological …

Although progress has been made identifying neural mechanisms underlying ethanol's
primary reinforcing effects, few studies have examined the mechanisms mediating ethanol …

1. Alcohol is one of the most widely used recreational drugs, but also one of the most widely
abused, causing vast economic, social and personal damage. 2. 2. Several animal models …

The brain reward system, and especially the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, plays a major
role in drug reinforcement and is most likely involved in the development of drug addiction …

Rats readily learn to self-administer ethanol using a procedure where ethanol is introduced
in the presence of a sweetener. After gradual removal of the sweetener, sufficient quantities …

Background: The mesolimbic/mesoeortical dopamine pathway mediates the rewarding
effects of ethanol and other drugs of abuse like cocaine and opiates. Dopaminergic neurons …

Ethanol-induced elevations of accumbal dopamine levels have been linked to the
reinforcing properties of the drug. However, it has not yet been demonstrated where the …

Various lines of evidence support the view that ethanol is a neurochemical surrogate of
conventional reinforcers, such as food and sex. In fact, ethanol activates central neuronal …

Background: Alcohol craving or automatic behavioral responses provoked by alcohol‐
related cues are thought to contribute to relapse risk in abstinent individuals. However, there …