The identification of mutationally activated BRAF in many cancers altered our conception of
the part played by the RAF family of protein kinases in oncogenesis. In this Review, we …

Activating BRAF kinase mutations arise in∼ 7% of all human tumors, and preclinical studies
have validated the RAF–mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation is a common property of human cancers
and is often due to activating mutations in the BRAF and RAS genes. BRAF kinase domain …

Raf are conserved, ubiquitous serine/protein kinases discovered as the cellular elements
hijacked by transforming retroviruses. The three mammalian RAF proteins (A, B and CRAF) …

Abstract The RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK signaling cascade is among the most frequently mutated
pathways in human cancer. Approximately 50% of melanoma patients possess a druggable …

The discovery that a subset of human tumours is dependent on mutationally deregulated
BRAF kinase intensified the development of RAF inhibitors to be used as potential …

Simple Summary Cutaneous melanoma represents the most aggressive form of skin cancer
and its occurrence, development, and progression are based on the accumulation of several …

The discovery of activating mutations in the serine/threonine (S/T) kinase BRAF followed by
a wave of follow-up research manifested that the MAPK-pathway plays a critical role in …

BRAF is a member of the RAF kinase family, which acts in the ERK/MAP kinase pathway, a
signalling cascade that regulates cellular proliferation, differentiation and survival. Single …

RAF kinase inhibitors have substantial therapeutic effects in patients with BRAF-mutant
melanoma. However, only rarely do tumors regress completely, and the therapeutic effects …