Pathogens and hosts require rapid modulation of virulence and defense mechanisms at the
infection axis, but monitoring such modulations is challenging. In studying the human fungal …

Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast responsible for more than
600,000 deaths each year. It occurs as two serotypes (A and D) representing two varieties …

The ability of microorganisms to colonise and display an intracellular lifestyle within a host
body increases their fitness to survive and avoid extinction. This host–pathogen association …

The ability of fungi to transition between unicellular and multicellular growth has a profound
impact on our health and the economy. Many important fungal pathogens of humans …

The pathogenic species of Cryptococcus are a major cause of mortality owing to severe
infections in immunocompromised as well as immunocompetent individuals. Although …

Upon ingestion by macrophages, Cryptococcus neoformans can survive and replicate
intracellularly unless the macrophages become classically activated. The mechanism …

Sensing, responding, and adapting to the surrounding environment are crucial for all living
organisms to survive, proliferate, and differentiate in their biological niches. This ability is …

Viable but nonculturable (VBNC) bacteria, which maintain the viability with loss of
culturability, universally exist in contaminated and non-contaminated environments. In this …

Morphological switch is tightly coupled with the pathogenesis of many dimorphic fungal
pathogens. Cryptococcus neoformans, the major causative agent of cryptococcal meningitis …

The pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans causes cryptococcosis, a life-threatening
fungal disease. C. neoformans has multiple virulence mechanisms that are non-host …