The kidney is the main physiologic source of erythropoietin (EPO) in the adult and responds
to decreases in tissue oxygenation with increased EPO production. Although studies in mice …

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) control transcriptional responses to reduced O2 availability.
HIFs are heterodimeric proteins composed of an O2-regulated HIF-α subunit and a …

A classic physiologic response to systemic hypoxia is the increase in red blood cell
production. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) orchestrate this response by inducing cell-type …

Studies of regulation of the haematopoietic growth factor erythropoietin led to the
unexpected discovery of a widespread system of direct oxygen sensing that regulates gene …

Humans, like other complex aerobic organisms, possess highly evolved systems for the
delivery of dioxygen to all the cells of the body. These systems are regulated since …

Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease. Although mechanisms
involved in the pathogenesis of renal anemia include chronic inflammation, iron deficiency …

The hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) are central components in the cellular
responses to a lack of O2, ie hypoxia. Homologs of the HIF system (HIF-1,-2 and-3) are …

Erythropoiesis is a complex process driving the production of red blood cells. During
homeostasis, adult erythropoiesis takes place in the bone marrow and is tightly controlled by …

The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) family of transcription factors is responsible for
coordinating the cellular response to low oxygen levels in animals. By regulating the …

Erythropoietin (Epo) is an indispensable erythropoietic hormone primarily produced from
renal Epo-producing cells (REPs). Epo production in REPs is tightly regulated in a hypoxia …