Objective Numerous classification schemes have been used for carotid cavernous fistula
(CCF), each describing some aspect of the disease process but none of them provides a …

BACKGROUND: Carotid cavernous fistulae (CCFs) are most commonly classified based on
arterial supply. Symptomatology and treatment approach, however, are largely influenced by …

Introduction Caroticocavernous fistulae (CCF) are a rare subtype of intracranial
arteriovenous fistulae with variable clinical and angiographic presentations that make …

Carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is a consequence of incremental intracavernous pressure.
The direction of drainage is usually multidirectional. Initial DSA (digital subtraction …

Background Carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are complex arteriovenous shunting lesions
of the cavernous sinus with diverse clinical presentations. This study aimed to analyze …

ABSTRACT Introduction: Carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are abnormal communications
between the carotid arterial system and the venous cavernous sinus, resulting in a …

Background Multiple carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) classifications have been proposed.
However, they lacked predictive factors for the clinical presentation, natural history, and …

Carotid cavernous fistulae (CCF) are dangerous entities that may cause progressive cranial
neuropathy, headache and blindness. Endovascular therapy for CCF is the treatment of …

Background Carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal arteriovenous shunt between
the carotid artery or its branches, with the cavernous sinus. It is still common in developing …

Objective Carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are pathologic arteriovenous shunts between
the carotid artery and cavernous sinus. The resulting venous congestion within the …