We previously reported that chronic social stress (SS) in adolescence, but not in adulthood,
increased the locomotor‐activating effects of nicotine in females, and not males, when tested …

Components of the brain's dopaminergic system, such as dopamine receptors, undergo final
maturation in adolescence. Exposure to social stress during human adolescence contributes …

A wide body of research has indicated that perinatal exposure to stressors alters the
organism, notably by programming behavioral and neuroendocrine responses and …

In humans, chronic intermittent and uncontrollable stress during adolescence is viewed as a
key factor for vulnerability to drug abuse and development of psychopathologies later in life …

We reported previously that social stressors in adolescence (SS: one-hour isolation and new
cage partners daily for 16 days) increased locomotor activity to nicotine and to amphetamine …

Anxiety disorders and nicotine use are significant contributors to global morbidity and
mortality as independent and comorbid diseases. Early-life stress, potentially via stress …

Rationale Smoking typically begins during adolescence and is largely reinforced by social
cues. During adolescence in rats, sensitivity to both social cues and drugs of abuse is …

The mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, which governs components of reward and goal-
directed behaviors, undergoes final maturation during adolescence. Adolescent social …

Most smokers begin smoking during adolescence, a period during which social reward is
highly influential. Initial exposure to nicotine can produce anxiogenic effects that may be …

Rationale Research on adolescence and drug abuse increased substantially in the past
decade. However, drug-addiction-related behaviors following stressful experiences during …