Transformation of normal cells that compose the spectrum of tissues and organ systems of
the intact organism is commonly thought to involve a multistep process ultimately reflected in …

Unraveling the molecular basis of cancer will require an understanding of the complex
pathways that control growth and differentiation in normal cells. Exciting initial progress has …

Both genetic and epigenetic events play an important role in oncogenic processes. This
review discusses the four hypothesis for the origin of neoplastic transformation (mutational …

Theoretically, the cancerous phenotype of cells can result from epigenetic or biochemical
regulatory changes without alteration of the genotype. Although epigenetic changes may …

The last 15 years have witnessed a conceptual breakthrough in our understanding of the
molecular and genetic basis of the origins of neoplasia in humans. This happened …

An oncogene is a mutated form of a normal cellular gene—called a proto-oncogene—that
contributes to the development of a cancer. Proto-oncogenes typically regulate cell growth …

Carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving the progressive accumulation of genetic
and epigenetic alterations that ultimately transform normal cells into neoplastic cells. The …

Tumors arise as a result of a chain of genetic alterations that impair normal cell functions
and lead to invasion and development of metastases. These genetic alterations may result …

Neoplastic change in normal cells depends on alterations in the genetic functions controlling
the cell. Mutations within normal genes which regulate cell growth and differentiation may …

Although environmental factors certainly play a role, the dominant view regarding the
molecular basis of human cancer currently rests on the concept that the accumulation of …