The evolution of renal calculus treatment has developed from the most invasive form of
stone removal, including open nephrolithotomy, to those forms that optimize stone removal …

Objectives To evaluate the current status of ureteroscopic lithotripsy (UL) for treating renal
calculi of> 2 cm, as advances in flexible ureteroscope design, accessory instrumentation …

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and
ureterorenoscopy (URS) for 1-to 2-cm renal calculi with specific reference to the stone …

Modern applications of ureteroscopy for intrarenal stone dis... : Current Opinion in Urology
Modern applications of ureteroscopy for intrarenal stone disease : Current Opinion in Urology …

Study Type–Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What's known on the subject? and
What does the study add? Large upper tract urinary calculi, greater than 2 cm, have …

PURPOSE: To determine its potential role in stone therapy, we evaluated our experience
with the ureteroscopic removal of intrarenal calculi in 100 patients. We review the …

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) was first described in 1976, 1 just a few years before
the introduction of shockwave lithotripsy (SWL). The strong initial interest in PCNL, however …

Open surgery was the standard therapy for urinary calculi up to about 30 years ago. This
changed upon introduction of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) in 1980, a …

Less-invasive interventions for upper tract urolithiasis are extracorporeal shock-wave
lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Each has advantages and …

RIRS has gained increased popularity among the urological community. This is certainly
because of the continuous technological advancements, which have continuously improved …