Chronic impaired venous outflow from the central nervous system has recently been claimed
to be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology. This resulted in the term chronic …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, primarily inflammatory demyelinating disease of the
central nervous system (Compston and Coles, 2008). Pathogenesis is triggered by …

Background: It has been proposed by Zamboni and colleagues that multiple sclerosis is
caused by chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency, a term used to describe ultrasound …

Zivadinov and Weinstock-Guttman 859 of healthy controls and patients with other neurologic
diseases. 13 The binary variable construction of the CCSVI diagnosis (yes/no) is probably …

Chronic cerebrospinalvenous insufficiency (CCSVI) proposes hindrances to the venous
drainage of the brain and spine. Clinically diagnosed or definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) is …

As early as 1863 Eduard Rindfleisch described and systematically studied the topographic
relationship between multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques and brain tissue venules frequently …

Immunomodulating therapy has proven efficacy in the treatment of patients with multiple
sclerosis (MS), which indicates that the disease has an autoimmune genesis. However, a …

Background: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) was recently described in
patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). A subject is considered CCSVI positive if≥ 2 venous …

This review summarizes the research to date on chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
(CCSVI). CCSVI was initially defined as a clinical syndrome comprising stenoses of the …

The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still largely unknown and it has been proposed that
an impaired venous drainage from the central nervous system, defined as chronic …