Background: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) was implicated in the
pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: We evaluated neurosonography (NS) …

At a workshop in Bologna (Italy) in 2009, Professor Paolo Zamboni openly discussed
research that he had been pursuing for the previous few years regarding the role of venous …

Background and purpose A new treatable venous disorder, chronic cerebrospinal venous
insufficiency (CCSVI), has been proposed in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Its …

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the
central nervous system with a disabling progressive course. Chronic cerebrospinal venous …

2. Zivadinov R, Marr K, Cutter G, et al. Prevalence, sensitivity, and specificity of chronic
cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in MS. Neurology 2011; 77: 138–144. 3. Menegatti E …

Importance Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is characterized by
restricted venous outflow from the brain and spinal cord. Whether this condition is …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that typically affects young adults. A
recent publication suggested that MS might originate from insufficient blood drainage in …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS caused by the
interplay of genetic and environmental factors. In the last years, it has been suggested that …

Background Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been reported in
multiple sclerosis (MS) yet its significance in relation to cognitive function is undetermined …

Methods Using an Institutional Review Board-approved protocol, MS and non-MS controls
were evaluated for CCSVI. Subjects with a definite diagnosis of MS, aged 21-65 years were …