Cell–cell communication plays a vital role in biological activities; in particular, membrane–
protein interactions are profoundly significant. In order to explore the underlying mechanism …

Natural channel proteins are complex in structure and marvelous in function. Chemists have
constructed a variety of simple synthetic structures with the goal of mimicking the function of …

Over the last 25 years, researchers have developed exogenously expressed, genetically
engineered, semi-synthetic, and entirely synthetic ion channels. These structures have …

Natural ion channels are large protein complexes that regulate key functions of cells.
Supramolecular chemists have been able to take hints from Nature to design and prepare …

To date, reconstitution of one of the fundamental methods of cell communication, the
signaling pathway, has been unaddressed in the bottom-up construction of artificial cells …

This review discusses recent advances in mimicry of transmembrane ion channel proteins
using artificial systems. While modified protein channels and surface-functionalized …

A key conundrum in the construction of an artificial cell is to simultaneously maintain a
robust physical barrier to the external environment, while also providing efficient exchange …

Living cells possess a variety of transmembrane signaling systems that receive chemical
and physical cues from the environment and transduce this information into an intracellular …

Signal transduction across biological membranes is among the most important evolutionary
achievements. Herein, for the design of artificial cells, we engineer fully synthetic receptors …

The ability to reproduce signal transduction and cellular communication in artificial cell
systems is significant in synthetic protobiology. Here, we describe an artificial …