Abstract Salicylic acid (SA) or 2-hydroxybenoic acid is a phenolic plant hormone that plays
an essential role in plant defense against biotrophic and semi-biotrophic pathogens. In …

Since the beginning of the 21 st century, climate change has been pervasive. Such climatic
instabilities not only trigger plants' adaptability and survivability in harsh environments, but …

Over a period, plants have developed a sophisticated innate immune system to counter viral
infections, which resembles that of the nonviral pathogenic system in being broadly grouped …

Plants and microbial pathogens often engage in a fierce war that determines their survival.
Host plants have evolved sophisticated regulatory mechanisms to fine-tune defense …

Chloroplasts are crucial players in the activation of defensive hormonal responses during
plant-pathogen interactions. Here, we show that a plant virus-encoded protein re-localizes …

As a plant hormone, salicylic acid (SA) plays essential roles in plant defense against
biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens. Significant progress has been made in …

Plants are invaded by an array of pathogens of which only a few succeed in causing
disease. The attack by others is countered by a sophisticated immune system possessed by …

Being sessile, plants are exposed to invasion by numerous pathogens and have developed
a vast array of defense mechanisms to ward off these invasions. Perception of pathogen …

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important phytohormone, well‐known for its regulatory role in
shaping plant immune responses. In recent years, significant progress has been made in …

Viral diseases cause significant losses in global agricultural production, yet little is known
about grass antiviral defense mechanisms. We previously reported on host immune …