The role of immunity in the pathogenesis of various pulmonary diseases, particularly
interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), is being increasingly appreciated as mechanistic …

Connective tissue disease (CTD) related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) is one of the
leading causes of morbidity and mortality of CTD. Clinically, CTD-ILD is highly heterogenous …

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have an array
of immunomodulatory treatment options compared with IPF, due to their inflammatory …

Connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) is a severe
manifestation of CTD that leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Clinically, ILD can …

Background Immunosuppressants, biologic agents, antifibrotic drugs, and other drugs can
be used to treat autoimmune disease-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD), but the …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is unlikely to respond to immunosuppressive therapies, and
patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis may be harmed by such therapy. In contrast …

A proportion of patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), including the ILDs that are
commonly associated with autoimmune diseases, develop a progressive fibrosing …

This article focuses on issues of safety and monitoring when immunosuppressive
pharmacologic therapies are prescribed for the treatment of connective tissue disease (CTD) …

Ascertaining the dominant cell type driving an immunological disease is essential to
understanding the causal pathology and, therefore, selecting or developing an effective …

Chronic lung diseases (CLDs), including chronic obstruc-tive pulmonary disease (COPD),
asthma, lung cancer, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension, present a …