The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1)
immune checkpoints are negative regulators of T-cell immune function. Inhibition of these …

Targeting checkpoints of immune cell activation has been demonstrated to be the most
effective approach for activation of anti-tumor immune responses. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte …

Targeting CTLA-4 represents a new type of immunotherapeutic approach, namely immune
checkpoint inhibition. Blockade of CTLA-4 by ipilimumab was the first strategy to achieve a …

The immune checkpoint cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is an
inhibitory regulator of T-cell mediated responses that has been investigated as target of …

Much of the recent excitement in the translational field of tumor immunology and
immunotherapy has been generated by the recognition that immune checkpoint proteins can …

Immune checkpoint blockade with monoclonal antibodies directed at the inhibitory immune
receptors CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 has emerged as a successful treatment approach for …

Tumors can avoid immune surveillance by stimulating immune inhibitory receptors that
function to turn off established immune responses. By blocking the ability of tumors to …

CTLA-4 is a co-receptor on T-cells that controls peripheral tolerance and the development of
autoimmunity. Immune check-point blockade (ICB) uses monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to …

Despite extensive investigation over the past three decades, cancer immunotherapy has
produced limited success, with few agents achieving approval by the Food and Drug …

It is increasingly appreciated that cancers are recognized by the immune system, and under
some circumstances, the immune system may control or even eliminate tumors. The …