The severity of dopamine depletion and the consequent pathophysiologic changes that
occur in basal ganglia circuits determine the severity of parkinsonian signs. Restoring the …

The symptoms of Parkinson's disease can become increasingly difficult to control as the
disease advances. Levodopa remains the most efficacious therapy for symptomatic …

Loss of dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) initiates a complex stream of effects
that results in the development of tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity. While levodopa remains …

Key points• Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common movement disorder due to dopaminergic
denervation of the basal ganglia. It is characterized by exaggerated oscillatory activity within …

Although characteristic motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease such as bradykinesia
typically improve under dopaminergic medication, deficits in higher motor control are less …

The nonmotor features of Parkinson's disease: pathophysiolog... : Current Opinion in
Neurology The nonmotor features of Parkinson's disease: pathophysiology and …

The degeneration of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons that innervate the basal ganglia
is responsible for the cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been …

Although patients with Parkinson's disease usually respond to dopaminergic therapy with a
smooth, continued effect when medication is first initiated, many patients eventually develop …

The behavior of neurons in the basal ganglia is severely disrupted in Parkinson's disease
(PD). In nonhuman parkinsonian primate models, the disturbance in neurons in basal …

Motor fluctuations and dyskinesia are common complications of long-term levodopa therapy.
The neural and molecular mechanisms underlying their development are partially …