Since their introduction in 1993, the structure of physician drug budgets in Germany has
changed frequently. Although highly disputed, they have limited the pharmaceutical …

To contain pharmaceutical spending, drug budgets have been introduced across health
systems. Apart from analyzing whether drug budgets fulfill their overall goal of reducing …

For many years, drug prices in Germany were the highest in Europe and the level of
regulation of the pharmaceutical industry was lower than in other states. This situation has …

In Västerbotten County, Sweden, there are two health centers which (in contrast to all other
health centers in the region) bear strict responsibility over their pharmaceutical budget. This …

This paper examines the pharmaceutical market and prescription drug costs and
consumption in the Federal Republic of Germany. Comparisons are made with the …

In the last 20 years, expenditures on pharmaceuticals—as well as total health expenditures—
have grown faster than the gross national product in all European countries. The aim of this …

The German health care system has had a series of reforms in its pharmaceutical sector,
starting in 1988 with the introduction of a reference pricing scheme. A major new reform was …

The purpose of this research is to examine how demand for prescription drugs is influenced
by different types of insurance. Patients with drug coverage are more likely to purchase …

This paper describes pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement policies in Germany,
considering them in the broader environment in which they operate, and assesses their …

This article provides a broad outline of developments in the Dutch health‐care policy related
to the costs, budgeting, and reimbursement of pharmaceuticals. In‐hospital drugs costs are …