Plants encode a sophisticated innate immune system. Resistance against potential
pathogens often relies on active responses. Prerequisite to the induction of defences is …

Plants are able to detect microbes by pattern recognition receptors in the host cells that,
upon recognition of the enemy, activate effective immune responses in the invaded tissue …

Plants are confronted with several biotic stresses such as microbial pathogens and other
herbivores. To defend against such attackers, plants possess an array of pattern recognition …

The exposure of plants in open land and to various harsh environmental conditions means
that they are at risk of being attacked by different types of microbial pathogens. For survival …

Pathogen attack has been one of the chief constrains that reduce crop productivity
worldwide. Plants have established sophisticated mechanisms to counter and acclimatize …

It has long been observed that microbial elicitors can trigger various cellular responses in
plants. Microbial elicitors have recently been referred to as pathogen or microbe-associated …

Plants are members of complex communities and interact both with antagonists and
beneficial organisms. An important question in plant defense-signaling research is how …

Adaptation to specialized environments allows microorganisms to inhabit an enormous
variety of ecological niches. Growth inside plant tissues is a niche offering a constant …

Animals express an innate immune system against pathogens through receptor-mediated
recognition of conserved microbial structures called pathogen-associated molecular …