Plant defense responses against invading organisms are initiated through the perception of
molecules associated with attacking microbes and herbivores by pattern recognition …

Plants have an innate immunity system to defend themselves against pathogens. With the
primary immune system, plants recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) …

Each plant-pathogen interaction involves a two-way molecular communication. On one
hand, the pathogen perceives signals from the plant, secretes chemical arsenals to establish …

Plants have developed a complex defense system against diverse pests and pathogens.
Once pathogens overcome mechanical barriers to infection, plant receptors initiate signaling …

During the course of their co-evolution, plants and pathogens have evolved an intricate
relationship resulting from a continuous exchange of molecular information. Pathogens have …

Research of the last decade has revealed that plant immunity consists of different layers of
defense that have evolved by the co-evolutional battle of plants with its pathogens. Particular …

Beneficial soil-borne microorganisms, such as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and
mycorrhizal fungi, can improve plant performance by inducing systemic defense responses …

The plants defend themselves against insect herbivores through utilizing the combination of
direct defense traits and indirect defense approaches. Direct defense is involved both …

Recognition of potential pathogens is central to plants' ability to defend themselves against
harmful microbes. Plants are able to recognize pathogen‐derived molecules; elicitors that …

Publisher Summary Plants are equipped with a wide array of constitutive deterrents that
include both toxic chemicals and mechanical barriers. In addition to these, there is a …