Abstract Carnitine, 3‐hydroxy‐4‐trimethylaminobutyrate, a small, water soluble molecule
that is essential for mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, is significantly reduced in hemodialysis …

Carnitine is a conditionally essential metabolite that plays a critical role in cell physiology.
Carnitine is necessary for fatty acid transport to sites of beta-oxidation in the mitochondria …

ABSTRACT Beginning January 1, 2003, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
(CMS) initiated a national coverage determination for the use of levo‐carnitine (L‐carnitine) …

It has been widely established that patients with end‐stage renal disease undergoing
chronic haemodialysis therapy exhibit low endogenous levels of L‐carnitine and elevated …

Careful review of all available clinical trials of L-carnitine leads to the conclusion that there is
insufficient evidence to support the routine use of L-carnitine for any indication in dialysis …

Carnitine is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative that is involved in the transport of
long-chain fatty acids to the mitochondrial matrix. There, these substrates undergo β …

ABSTRACT L‐carnitine plays an essential role in the β‐oxidation of fatty acids by catalyzing
their transport into the mitochondrial matrix. The kidney maintains plasma free L‐carnitine …

Carnitine, gamma-trimethyl-beta-hydroxybutyrobetaine, is a small molecule widely present
in all cells from prokaryotic to eukaryotic. It is an important element in the beta-oxidation of …

There are many causes for carnitine depletion during maintenance hemodialysis.
Supplementation with L-carnitine in animals has been associated with improvement in some …

L-Carnitine therapy has become of interest for neph rologists, since Böhmer et al.[I] reported
that patients with end-stage renal failure on chronic hemodialysis (HD) treatment display …