Naive (precursor) CD4+ helper T cells recognize specific major histocompatibility complex
(MHC)–peptide combinations on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) via interactions with the T …

CD8 T cells can play both a protective and pathogenic role in inflammation and autoimmune
development. Recent studies have highlighted the ability of CD8 T cells to function as T …

A small subset of B cells, termed B-1 cells, with developmental origins, phenotypes, and
functions that are distinct from those of conventional B cells exist in mice. It contributes the …

Contact-mediated interactions between CD4+ T cells and B cells are considered crucial for T
cell–dependent B cell responses. To investigate the ability of activated CD4+ T cells to drive …

The study of dendritic cells (DCs) has seen a rapid expansion in recent years, and their
importance within the immune system is now widely recognized. Along with B lymphocytes …

CD4 T cells play a primary role in regulating immune responses to pathogenic organisms
and to vaccines. Antigen-specific CD4 T cells provide cognate help to B cells, a requisite …

These studies tested whether antigenic competition between T cells occurs. We generated
CD8+ T cell responses in H-2b mice against the dominant ovalbumin epitope SIINFEKL …

The innate immune response provides a first line of defense against common
microorganisms and, for more complex and/or recurring situations where pathogens must be …

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are specialized type I IFN producers, which play an
important role in pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Dysregulated autoreactive B cell …

A long-standing paradox in cellular immunology has been the conditional requirement for
CD4+ Th cells in priming of CD8+ CTL responses. We propose a new dynamic model of …