Rational and objectives. The reinstatement model is currently used in many laboratories to
investigate mechanisms underlying relapse to drug seeking. Here, we review briefly the …

The objective of this article is to review data from studies that used a reinstatement model in
rats to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying relapse to heroin and cocaine seeking …

Relapse is a major characteristic of drug addiction, and remains the primary problem in
treating drug abuse. Without an understanding of the factors that determine renewed drug …

Background and rationale Results from many clinical studies suggest that drug relapse and
craving are often provoked by acute exposure to the self-administered drug or related drugs …

High rates of relapse to drug use during abstinence is a defining feature of drug addiction. In
abstinent drug users, drug relapse is often precipitated by acute exposure to the self …

Reinstatement of extinguished drug-seeking has been utilized in the study of the neural
substrates of relapse to drugs of abuse, particularly cocaine. However, limited studies have …

The central problem in the treatment of cocaine and heroin addiction is high rates of relapse
to drug use after periods of forced or self-imposed abstinence. Relapse can be modeled in …

Drug craving and relapse to drug use during abstinence are defining features of addiction.
Evidence indicates that drug craving and relapse in humans are often provoked by acute …

This review focuses upon an animal model of relapse. The basic model is to establish that a
drug is functioning as a reinforcer. Drug is then replaced with vehicle, and responding is …

Relapse, the resumption of drug taking after periods of abstinence, remains the major
problem for the treatment of addiction. Even when drugs are unavailable for long periods or …