Background: We assessed risk factors for viremia and drug resistance among long-term
recipients of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South Africa. Methods: In 2008, we conducted a …

As more HIV patients start combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the emergence of HIV
drug resistance (HIVDR) is inevitable. This will have consequences for the transmission of …

According to Uniting the World Against AIDS (UNAIDS), more than 90% of the 2.3 million
children worldwide infected by HIV at the end of 2006 currently live in sub-Saharan Africa. 1 …

Limited data exist on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) resistance in patients
who are not responding to protease inhibitor (PI)–based regimens in resource-limited …

Background Detection of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance (TDR) and subtype diversity (SD)
are public health strategies to assess current HIV-1 regimen and ensure effective …

Background With widespread use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in Africa, one of the major
potential challenges is the risk of emergence of ARV drug‐resistant HIV strains. Our …

An estimated 1.5 million Kenyans are HIV-seropositive, with 1.1 million on antiretroviral
therapy (ART), with the majority of them unaware of their drug resistance status. In this study …

Background A major concern with using antiretroviral (ARV)-based products for HIV
prevention is the potential spread of drug resistance, particularly from individuals who are …

Acquisition of resistance mutations by HIV-1 isolates causes treatment failure among
infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study determined patterns of …

Objectives: To describe the resistance mutations selected by a first-line regimen of
zidovudine/lamivudine/tenofovir in the absence of real-time viral load monitoring. Design: A …