Background and Purpose—The mechanisms by which intracerebral hemorrhages produce
changes of blood flow and metabolism, cell death, and behavioral abnormalities are …

The role of brain insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) in
neuroprotection was further investigated using in vitro and in vivo models of cerebral …

Objective: Perihematomal edema results from disruption of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) by
key mediators, such as thrombin, following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Platelet‐derived …

Objective Inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiological processes after
intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Post-ICH macrophages infiltrate the brain and release pro …

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke and can
result in poorer outcomes-an effect presumed to involve the cerebral vasculature. Here we …

Background and Purpose—Phosphatidylinositol 3–kinase (PI3-kinase) is involved in smooth
muscle contraction induced by growth factors and/or G protein–coupled receptor agonists …

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most common forms of cerebral
hemorrhage, the morbidity and death of ICH is high worldwide. ICH can be spontaneous or …

There has been strong pre-clinical research on mechanisms of initial cell death and tissue
injury in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This data has led to the evaluation of several …

Insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐1 is essential for the development of the nervous system, and
is present in many cell types. Relatively little is known about IGF‐1 expression in brain …

Neurological disorders account for a majority of non-malignant disability in humans and are
often associated with dysfunction of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Recent evidence shows …