A wide variety of mechanisms of anti-rheumatic action have been proposed for antimalarial
agents. The molecular actions of chloroquine have been most thoroughly studied in vitro …

Recent studies have elucidated the steps involved in the association of antigenic peptides
with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encoded proteins and have suggested how …

The antimalarial agents chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been used widely for the
treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. These compounds lead …

Highlights•Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine is an old anti-malarial drug belongs to 4-
aminoquinolines.•Chloroquine has additional anti-virus, anti-bacteria, anti-protozoan, anti …

There is now considerable evidence that cerebral malaria may be related to the over-
production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Nevertheless, our knowledge is very poor …

Immune complex formation during Plasmodium berghei infection of OF1 mice was
investigated. Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were detected by the Clq-binding assay …

The article relates the ability of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to avoid a
protective immune response, and to induce pathological changes, to the properties of …

A comparative study of non-specific immunosuppression by malaria has been carried out in
five situations: in both unvaccinated and vaccinated mice infected with the lethal …

Biologically active concentrations of chloroquine increase the pH of the parasite's acid
vesicles within 3-5 min. This increase in pH results from two mechanisms, one of which is …

Antimicrobial peptides include a diverse array of both natural and synthetic molecules
varying greatly in size, charge, hydrophobicity and secondary-structural features. Although …