The mammalian retina converts most glucose to lactate rather than catabolizing it completely
to carbon dioxide via oxidative phosphorylation, despite the availability of oxygen. This …

The retina, like many cancers, produces energy from glycolysis even in the presence of
oxygen. This phenomenon is known as aerobic glycolysis and eponymously as the W …

Lactate and ATP formation by aerobic glycolysis, the Warburg effect, is considered a
hallmark of cancer. During angiogenesis in non-cancerous tissue, proliferating stalk …

Purpose The homeostatic regulation of cellular ATP is achieved by the coordinated activity
of ATP utilization, synthesis, and buffering. Glucose is the major substrate for ATP synthesis …

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Exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by molecular
mechanisms responsible for the initiation of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) …

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Current treatment options are
limited and often only slow disease progression. Metabolic dysfunction has recently been …

Photoreceptors, the primary site of phototransduction in the retina, require energy and
metabolites to constantly renew their outer segments. They preferentially consume most …

Photoreceptor death is the ultimate cause of vision loss in many retinal degenerative
conditions. Identifying novel therapeutic avenues for prolonging photoreceptor health and …

Purpose: Transcriptional analysis of retina protected by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)
stabilization demonstrates an increase in genes associated with aerobic glycolysis. We …