Purpose: A role for estrogens in determining lung cancer risk and prognosis is suggested by
reported sex differences in susceptibility and survival. Archival lung tissue was evaluated for …

BACKGROUND: Adenocarcinoma of the lung is more frequent in females than in males and
the association with smoking is less pronounced than for the other histological subtypes of …

Purpose: Estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) and-β (ER-β) play important roles in the
carcinogenesis of breast tumors. Similarly, there have been several reports of ER …

Lung cancer is becoming increasingly common in women and in the United States accounts
for more female cancer deaths annually than breast cancer. Many epidemiological studies …

The higher frequency of lung adenocarcinoma in women smokers than in men smokers
suggests a role for gender-dependent factors in the etiology of lung cancer. We evaluated …

Epidemiological studies have indicated that females may be at greater risk of smoking
associated lung cancer compared with males. Several lines of biochemical evidence …

Purpose Estrogen receptor (ER) expression in lung tumors suggests that estrogens may
play a role in the development of lung cancer. We evaluated the role of hormone-related …

Estrogen receptor (ER) expression in human lung has been understudied, particularly in
light of its potential biological importance in the female lung cancer epidemic. Reverse …

Sex steroids and their receptors are important in the fetal development of normal lung tissue.
In addition emerging evidence reveals their significance in lung cancer pathogenesis. This …

The role of tumor estrogen receptors (ERs) and serum estrogen in lung cancer is
inconclusive. We investigated the hypothesis that ERs and functional single-nucleotide …