Vaccines are recognized worldwide as one of the most important tools for combating
infectious diseases. Despite the tremendous value conferred by currently available vaccines …

Vaccines represent the most relevant contribution of immunology to human health. However,
despite the remarkable success achieved in the past years, many vaccines are still missing …

The ideal vaccine is a simple and stable formulation which can be conveniently
administered and provides life-long immunity against a given pathogen. The development of …

Edible vaccines offer exciting possibilities for significantly reducing the burden of diseases
like hepatitis and diarrhoea, particularly in developing world where storing and …

Almost all vaccinations today are delivered through parenteral routes. Mucosal vaccination
offers several benefits over parenteral routes of vaccination, including ease of …

It is easy to argue that vaccine development represents humankind's most important and
successful endeavour, such is the impact that vaccination has had on human morbidity and …

Delivery of vaccine antigens to the dermis and/or epidermis of human skin (ie intradermal
delivery) might be more efficient than injection into the muscle or subcutaneous tissue …

While vaccination remains the most cost effective strategy for disease prevention,
communicable diseases persist as the second leading cause of death worldwide. There is a …

While the majority of human pathogens infect the body through mucosal sites, most licensed
vaccines are injectable. In fact the only mucosal vaccine that has been widely used globally …

The mucosal administration of vaccines is an area currently receiving a high level of interest
due to potential advantages offered by this technique. These advantages include the ability …