IL‐34 is a recently discovered cytokine that acts on tissue resident macrophages and L
angerhans cells upon binding the receptor for CSF‐1, CSF‐1 R. The existence of two …

Summary Colony stimulating factor-1 (Csf-1) receptor and its ligand Csf-1 control
macrophage development, maintenance, and function. The development of both …

Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) and interleukin 34 (IL34) signal via the CSF1 receptor to
regulate macrophage differentiation. Studies in IL34-or CSF1-deficient mice have revealed …

The differentiation of bone marrow–derived progenitor cells into monocytes, tissue
macrophages and some dendritic cell (DC) subtypes requires the growth factor CSF1 and its …

Macrophages are part of the innate immune system and are present in every organ of the
body. They fulfill critical roles in tissue homeostasis and development and are involved in …

Abstract IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ are members of the IL-1 family of cytokines that signal
through a common receptor composed of IL-36R and IL-1R/AcP to activate NF-κB and …

Abstract The interleukin (IL)-1 family member IL-37 is one of few anti-inflammatory cytokines,
and it is capable of countering a broad spectrum of proinflammatory assaults. Although it is …

Cytokines coordinate the activities of innate and adaptive immune systems and the
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) family of cytokines has emerged as critical regulators of immunity in …

Abstract Although IL-34 and CSF-1 share actions as key mediators of monocytes/
macrophages survival and differentiation, they also display differences that should be …

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-34 is a cytokine discovered a few years ago and identified as the
second colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1 receptor (CSF-1R) ligand. Although CSF-1 and IL …