Innate, infection-preventing resistance often varies between host life stages. Juveniles are
more resistant than adults in some species, whereas the opposite pattern is true in others …

Although mortality increases with age in most organisms, senescence is missing from
models of parasite evolution. Since virulence evolves according to the host's mortality, and …

In most species, variation in age among individuals is the strongest and most visible form of
phenotypic variation. Individual-level age effects on disease traits, caused by differences in …

Within‐and between‐host disease processes occur on the same timescales, therefore
changes in the within‐host dynamics of parasites, resources, and immunity can interact with …

Mutation rates vary both within and between bacterial species, and understanding what
drives this variation is essential for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of bacterial …

All individuals transition through various life stages over the course of their development and
nearly all organisms must contend with infectious disease at some point in their lives. Yet the …

While most evolutionary studies of host-pathogen dynamics consider pathogen evolution
alone or host-pathogen coevolution, there is evidence that hosts can evolve more rapidly …

Background A single measles vaccination provides lifelong protection. No antigenic variants
that escape immunity have been observed. By contrast, influenza continually evolves new …

Aging affects nearly all organisms, but how aging evolves is still unclear [1–5]. The central
prediction of classic theory is that high extrinsic mortality leads to accelerated aging and …

Survival during an epidemic is partly determined by host genetics. While quantitative genetic
studies typically consider survival as an indicator for disease resistance (an individual's …