Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs) are strong carcinogens widely found in tobacco
products, environmental tobacco smoke, lake, and wastewater. The main objective of this …

Background Smoke-free laws are expected to reduce smoking habits and exposure to
secondhand smoke. The objective of this study was the measurement of tobacco specific …

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are emitted during smoking and form indoors by
nitrosation of nicotine. Two of them, N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4 …

Background: The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-
butanone (NNK) and its reduction product in the body, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1 …

(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and its urinary metabolite, 4-
(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), are the most investigated carcinogenic …

Background: Few studies have examined differences in product consumption patterns and
nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) exposure between single versus dual …

Introduction: The causal relationship between tobacco smoking and a variety of cancers is
attributable to the carcinogens that smokers inhale, including tobacco-specific nitrosamines …

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines are believed to play a significant role as causes of cancer in
people who use tobacco products. Whereas the uptake of one tobacco-specific nitrosamine …

Background: It has been suggested that smokeless tobacco users have high nicotine and
toxicant exposure, but studies with nationally representative data have been limited …

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are N-nitroso-derivatives of pyridine-alkaloids (eg,
nicotine) present in tobacco and cigarette smoke. Two TSNAs, N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) …