How do individuals decide to act based on a rewarding status quo versus an unexplored
choice that might yield a better outcome? Recent evidence suggests that individuals may …

Many psychiatric disorders are characterized by abnormal risky decision-making and
dysregulated dopamine receptor expression. The current study was designed to determine …

Mesencephalic dopaminergic system (MDS) neurons may participate in learning by
providing a prediction error signal to their targets, which include ventral striatal, orbital, and …

In social interactions, strategic uncertainty arises when the outcome of one's choice depends
on the choices of others. An important question is whether strategic uncertainty can be …

Our decisions are guided by outcomes that are associated with decisions made in the past.
However, the amount of influence each past outcome has on our next decision remains …

When extreme, anxiety—a state of distress and arousal prototypically evoked by uncertain
danger—can be debilitating. Uncertain anticipation is a shared feature of situations that elicit …

Over the past 20 years there has been a growing interest in the neural underpinnings of
cost/benefit decision-making. Recent studies with animal models have made considerable …

The degree at which individuals maintain behavioral strategies during uncertain conditions
varies widely; however, the neural bases of these individual differences remain unclear. This …

Navigating the physical world requires learning probabilistic associations between sensory
events and their change in time (volatility). Bayesian accounts of this learning process rest …

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the core region of the nucleus accumbens (AcbC)
are key regions of a neural system that subserves risk-based decision making. Here, we …