The combination of radiation and immunotherapy is currently an exciting avenue of pre-
clinical and clinical investigation. The synergy between these two treatment modalities has …

Radiotherapy (RT) is used routinely as a standard treatment for more than 50% of patients
with malignant tumors. The abscopal effect induced by local RT, which is considered as a …

Radiotherapy has been used for more than a hundred years to cure or locally control tumors.
Regression of tumors outside of the irradiated field was occasionally observed and is known …

Radiotherapy has been used for more than a hundred years as a local tumor treatment. The
occurrence of systemic antitumor effects manifesting as regression of tumors outside of the …

With the recent success of checkpoint inhibitors and other immunomodulating agents, there
has been renewed interest in the combination of such agents with radiation. The biologic …

The concept of utilizing localized radiation therapy to elicit out-of-target tumor responses—
the abscopal effect—was proposed over 50 years ago (1, 2). Over the past decades, the …

The abscopal effect is a systemic immune response mediated by the effects of radiation on
the immune system. This effect has been observed in a number of cancer types in addition to …

Ionising radiation (IR) may harm cancer cells through a rare indirect out-of-field
phenomenon described as the abscopal effect. Increasing evidence demonstrates that …

Investigations into the interaction between radiotherapy and the host immune system have
uncovered new mechanisms that can potentially be exploited to improve the efficacy of …

Simple Summary Combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy to antagonize tumors is
one of hotspot issues currently. Immunotherapy can effectively alleviate the non-lasting …