Iron is a common pollutant in waters near coal and hard rock mine disturbances. The current
1000 µg/L total recoverable chronic criterion for iron (Fe) for protection of aquatic life in the …

A series of chronic toxicity tests was conducted exposing three aquatic species to iron (Fe) in
laboratory freshwaters. The test organisms included the green algae Raphidocelis …

Current water‐quality criteria for metals typically are derived from toxicity tests with the metal
dissolved in clean laboratory water. Estimating the toxicity of iron from such tests, however …

We developed multiple linear regression (MLR) models for predicting iron (Fe) toxicity to
aquatic organisms for use in deriving site‐specific water quality guidelines (WQGs). The …

The controlled release of a partially treated mine‐water discharge dominated by iron was
evaluated for impact on the aquatic community during July and August of 1993 in …

Ferric iron (Fe (III)) oxyhydroxides commonly precipitate at neutral pH and in highly
oxygenated conditions in waterways receiving acid mine drainage, degrading stream …

Two mesocosm experiments were conducted to examine effects of ferric iron (Fe) and
mixtures of ferric Fe with aqueous metals (Cu, Zn) on stream benthic communities. Naturally …

Adult water fleas, Daphnia magna Straus, and the early life stages of carp, Cyprinus carpio
L., were exposed to river water near an iron sulfate dosage installation to determine the …

One-year-old whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus, were exposed to three types of iron-rich water,
two dilutions for each, in a subchronic (30-day) experiment. In natural iron-rich humic water …

Although generally rare in natural aquatic systems, cobalt concentrations can be elevated
through ore and coal mining operations and discharges of certain textile dyes. The US …